These toppling, gravity-defying plants are not your average fern. Staghorn and elkhorn ferns make for a fantastic feature, and their versatility makes them equally at home in a small courtyard as in a backyard garden.
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This spectacular plant is an epiphyte or ‘air plant’, meaning it grows without soil on trees, and can occasionally be lithophytic, meaning it grows on rocks. It’s native to Australian rainforests; notably, those in Queensland and northern New South Wales, where you’ll see them reaching and cascading down trees.
Staghorn vs. elkhorn: what’s the difference?
There are namely two varieties of this fern (Platycerium) – the staghorn Platycerium superbum and close relative elkhorn Platycerium bifurcatum. Staghorn ferns are much larger and have a shield-like front that curves outward. Elkhorn ferns are smaller and have multiple rosettes of foliage. Whichever you choose, both have much the same growing conditions.
How to grow a staghorn fern
Aspect
As rainforest natives, staghorns are used to filtered sunlight. They need protection from the hot, afternoon sun, but won’t thrive in deep shade either – so choose your location wisely!
Climate
Staghorn ferns thrive in humid conditions and temperatures above 5°C, and aren’t recommended for cooler, drier climates.
Soil
Being epiphytes, you won’t be planting your staghorn in soil. Instead, opt for some well-drained potting mix, leaf litter or compost attached to a backing board.
Water
Staghorns love humidity! Ensure that you’re keeping them hydrated by misting and watering them regularly and well.
Fertiliser
You can feed your staghorn twice a year with a soil-improving fertiliser, placing it in the centre of the fern. Alternatively, you can add diluted seaweed solution every few months across spring and summer (like Seasol).
How to plant a staghorn or elkhorn fern
Many will choose to mount their staghorn or elkhorn fern on a board – and they are often purchased this way – though they can also grow onto existing trees. However, if you have propagated a new fern and are looking to plant it yourself, you can do so fairly easily.
How to propagate a staghorn or elkhorn fern
- Using a sharp kitchen knife, carefully either cut the plant in half or remove a pup (if you have a staghorn) or remove one of the rosettes (if you have an elkhorn).
- As above, mount your staghorn or elkhorn on a backboard, or choose a tree to grow it on.
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