Common Brown
This butterly is often hard to detect because its colours offer camouflage. The female is easier to spot as it's larger than the male and has brighter wings. The caterpillar has a brown head, is covered in bristles, and is either green, grey or brown. It enjoys feeding on grasses, especially those which belong to the poa family. One of the best native grasses for the caterpillars is kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra).
Large Grass-yellow
A pretty butterfly with a wingspan of just 4cm that's an all-year-round visitor to gardens in the tropics, and a summer and autumn caller further south. To entice it to breed in your garden, try growing the caterpillar's favourite food plants, such as cassia, wattle and native species of breynia. The caterpillar is well-camouflaged, so you'll need to look closely - it's green with a narrow, yellowish stripe.
Orchard Swallowtail
If you have lemon or orange trees in your garden, you've probably seen this large swallowtail butterfly as it likes to lay its eggs on citrus trees. The caterpillars chew on the citrus leaves but rarely do serious damage. Native eriostemon is another good food plant for the caterpillars, which are bright green with white bands and edging. The female is more colourful than the male.
Satin Azure
A brilliant blue colour, this beautiful butterfly is hard to miss. It lays its eggs on casuarina trees so its caterpillar can feed on the mistletoe which grows there. You'll often see the caterpillars with black ants in tow as, amazingly, the ants shelter and protect them. You'll recognise the caterpillar by its flattened appearance, dark-brown head, and dark-grey, mottled-brown colouring.
Richmond Birdwing
With a wingspan of up to 11cm, this threatened butterfly is one of Australia's largest. Home gardeners can help save it by growing native bird wing vine (Pararistolochia praevenosa) and removing Dutchman's pipe vine, which is poisonous to the caterpillar. The caterpillar is black with black spines, or whitish with grey spines.
Monarch
Originating in America, this butterfly was discovered here 100 years ago. Today, the Monarch is one of Australia's most common species. To some Australians it is known as the Wanderer. The caterpillars have yellow, black and white bands, and feed on milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), which also makes an attractive garden subject. However, it is a weed, so you'll need to trim flowers before it seeds.
Ulysses Swallowtail
These striking rainforest butterflies are most attracted to gardens which have nectar-rich flowers. They're drawn to the colour blue, especially the male of the species, which may fly in for a closer look if you're wearing blue clothing. The female prefers to lay its eggs on native rainforest trees such as Melicope elleryana but may also lay them on citrus trees. The caterpillar is green with a pair of white spines on its tail.
Blue Tiger
With their distinctive striped bodies, these butterflies will add visual impact to any garden, especially when seen flying in large groups. The caterpillar's favourite food plant is corky silk pod (Secamone elliptica), but in the north they will also eat Heterostemma acuminatum. The mature caterpillar is greenish grey to white in colour and also sports an orange-brown stripe.
