Do begonias prefer sun or shade?
As a general rule, begonias favour bright filtered light with no exposure to harsh midday sun. Some species will also tolerate deep shade. They need good ventilation to help prevent fungal diseases and do well planted under trees and shrubs. Some of the cane-stemmed and wax varieties will tolerate full sun.
Most varieties grow best in a mild temperature range, between 15°C and 26°C, though tuberous begonias need it a little cooler to perform at their best. They like humidity and warmth, but can’t tolerate extreme heat, dryness or frost.
Soil
In the garden, they require free- draining soil improved with compost. Heavy clay soil that becomes waterlogged is unsuited, as it can cause root and stem rot. In pots, use a light free- draining potting mix containing coco coir, perlite or vermiculite (African violet mix works well).
For potted plants, apply a general-purpose slow-release fertiliser at the time of potting and liquid fertiliser at half-strength every two to three weeks during the growing period. In the garden, it’s advisable to incorporate a general-purpose fertiliser into the soil at planting time.
How often to water begonias
Begonias have fleshy stems and leaves that hold water for long periods of time, so they don’t need constant watering. Too much water can cause plants to turn brown and rot, so allow them to dry out almost completely between waterings.
Try to water the soil around the plant and not the foliage, as wet leaves can encourage powdery mildew.
Begonia varieties
Before you get planting, you'll have to choose the right begonia for your garden. First there's the showy tuberous begonias or elatior hybrids that rival roses for floral flourish. Then there’s the rex with mosaics of intricately patterned and coloured leaves.
Cane stemmed begonias
Tall growing, up to 1-2m, these varieties bloom from mid-summer to mid-autumn with fleshy flowers like little chandeliers, in shades of pink, red, orange and white. One of the most popular is B. coccinea, which has pendulous heart-shaped leaves with red undersides and margins.
WATCH: Graham shows you how to strike cuttings from cane begonias
You can use the tall-growing cane begonia (B. coccinea ‘Alba’) as a screen or even a hedge in your garden. They need stakes and training, as some stems decide to grow horizontally. If so, use long ties and tighten a little each week so the training is gentle.
They’re stately plants, great for filling areas of the garden that need a vertical element. Or try them as specimen plants in large pots, on a verandah or in a courtyard.
Shrub begonias
These are robust plants; they come in many sizes, colours and leaf shapes, and bear flowers for many months. They can handle being a little on the dry side and prefer semi-shade.
A few standouts in the group are Begonia venosa, with rounded silver-grey velvety leaves, B. metallica, with purple-veined leaves, and the majestic B. luxurians, with leaves that look almost like a palm frond – green on the topside and red underneath.
Unlike the cane-stemmed varieties, shrub begonias will branch, so prune in late winter to promote new growth.
Tuberous begonias
Renowned for amazing glasshouse displays, begonia tuberhybrida, or tuberous begonias, have gorgeous double flowers that appear in late spring and summer. They make delightful pot or window box displays.
Best in filtered shade, they like a little morning sun in cooler climates. Allow the potting mix to dry out between waterings and store the pots somewhere dry over winter.
Elatior begonias
Eliator begonias make exceptional indoor plants or in hanging baskets, elatior begonias (Begonia x hiemalis) are short-lived but flower prolifically and come in fabulous colours, from hot reds and oranges to softer sherbet-like pinks, lemons and apricots.
A group of two or three pots of these little beauties will brighten any room. In terms of growing, they like rich, well-drained soil and detest soggy feet. Grow them in African violet potting mix and keep it evenly moist. Cut back spent flower stems to 5–10cm long, to revitalise the plant and encourage new growth.
Elatiors love being indoors but prefer to have a moist environment, so keep them away from air conditioners. They’ll add a soft touch to the hard, gleaming surfaces of a bathroom! Just be sure they have access to bright but indirect light.
Rex begonias
Also known as king begonias, Rex begonias have the name for good reason. While their flowers are insignificant, their foliage is like a royal robe with purple, pink, maroon, pewter, silver and shades of green splashed on the foliage in dazzling combos.
They grow well in pots and hanging baskets in bright filtered light. They need high humidity but hate soggy roots, so water only when dry.
Begonia semperflorens
Also known as bedding or wax begonias, these are the hardiest of the bunch, thriving in full sun in cooler regions or in shade where it’s warmer.
Each plant produces a super abundance of flowers during summer of single or double, open-faced flowers in exquisite white or many shades of delicious pinks and reds.
They poke out of circles of fat, round, waxy leaves that can be coloured dramatic black or deep purple, shiny bronze, glistening greys or in many luminous shades of green.
Mass plant them in a garden bed or in a pot you can bring indoors when it gets cold. Prune spent flowers to encourage more of them as the season progresses.
Common begonia problems
Begonias are fairly robust but you will need to look out for and treat these problems to keep your plants in tip-top shape.
Insects
Slugs, snails and green lopper caterpillars like to have a meal on their leaves. Treat the slugs and snails with bait and pick off the caterpillars.
White fly, mites and scale can also be a problem, treat with an appropriate chemical spray, checking the label to for application rates.
Powdery mildew
This fungal disease shows on the tops and undersides of leaves as a grey/white coating, and they eventually wither and die.
Water the soil around the plant and avoid splashing the leaves, watering in the morning so any excess moisture can evaporate during the day.
Remove any affected leaves with sterilised sharp scissors or secateurs. There are commercially available sprays such as Yates' Fungus Gun Spray that are useful in treating this disease.
Burn marks
Dark brown, crisp looking marks on leaf edges are usually caused by low humidity. Place the pot in a tray with pebbles and water, making sure the pot base doesn’t sit in the water to prevent root rot.
Begonias also get sunburnt, seen as a pale brown or yellow scorch mark on all, or part, of the leaf. Cut off the leaf and discard and move pots into a more sheltered spot, or give garden plants a new position that doesn’t get direct midday sun.
