Metformin
This is the most common pill prescribed for people with type 2. It helps people who carry too much weight and produce more insulin, but still have insulin resistance. Its main action is to make your cells more sensitive to insulin, hence lowering insulin resistance. It also reduces the amount of glucose the liver releases into the bloodstream.
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas boost the pancreas’s insulin production. These drugs may be added if and when metformin loses effectiveness.
Glitazones
You may be prescribed these oral meds if you experience side effects from more commonly dispensed drugs, such as metformin. They work by reducing insulin resistance in the body’s tissues.
Research suggests glitazones can also help lower blood pressure and increase your levels of ‘good’ HDL cholesterol. They are new medicines and, while they have been tested in clinical trials, all the effects are not yet known.
GLP-1 Agonists
These injectables mimic a hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1), which we all produce after eating. This hormone lowers blood glucose levels (BGLs) by amplifying the production of insulin in response to food. They also reduce the amount of glucose sent out from the liver and slow the emptying of the stomach, reducing appetite.
DPP-4 inhibitors
These drugs inhibit an enzyme called DPP-4, which breaks down the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1. Their use results in a small rise in the level of GLP-1. They are not as powerful as GLP-1 agonists at reducing glucose levels.
SGLT2 inhibitors
These oral drugs may be taken alone or combined with other meds and are becoming more widely prescribed. They prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into the blood. Instead, the excess glucose is excreted through urine.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
These oral meds help people whose blood glucose levels are highest after eating certain carbohydrates, and work by slowing down the digestion and absorption of these carbs.
